Wednesday, November 27, 2019

A Blessing in Blood

A Blessing in Blood A Blessing in Blood A Blessing in Blood By Maeve Maddox The English words blessing and blood are closely related. Old English blod came from P.Gmc *blodam, a word that in a still earlier form may have meant to swell, gush, spurt, or that which bursts out. The English word blood has cognates in several other languages: German: Blut Dutch: bloed Swedish: blod Danish: blod Norwegian: blod Yiddish: blut Old English bletsia, bledsian, bloedsian, meant to consecrate, make holy, give thanks. The P.Gmc form of the word was *blothisojan, mark with blood. The word bless is unique to English. Originally used for the act of sprinkling a pagan altar with blood, the word was adopted by Christian translators to render into English Latin benedicere and Greek eulogein which had been used to translate Hebrew brk, to bend (the knee) in the act of worship. Towards the end of the OE period, bledsian took on the meaning make happy because of the words resemblance to OE blià °s, bliss, merriment, happiness, grace, favor. Bliss comes from a P.Gmc. word meaning gentle, kind, as does blithe. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With50 Idioms About Roads and PathsHow Verbs Become Adjectives

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The political debate Essay Example

The political debate Essay Example The political debate Essay The political debate Essay The political debate on whether it is best to have a strong or weak presidency has been going on since the dawning of the American Republic, but such a question usually crops up at a time when the security of the American people is in peril, or there is a clear and definite state interest for the American government to limit certain civil liberties of the people for the benefit of the general population. History has been replete on this political discourse especially since the United States convincingly expanded its sphere of influence across the entire world starting with the subjugation of the Philippine Islands to American colonial rule in 1899. As American influence, even imperialism and hegemony, spread across all parts of the world until the present time, the attacks on the democratic life of the American people and the existence of the Republic has been unceasing such as when Japanese militarists bombed Pearl Harbor at the start of World War II and the decades-long communist t hreat of the Soviet Union and allied socialist republics. In pursuit of the protection of the American Republic, the American presidency has always sought to explore ways and means on how to best defend the nation, militarily and diplomatically, without resorting to the curtailment of the civil liberties of the American people. However, for the most part, the American government with the US president at its head, has usually challenged the limits of such civil liberties. No best example can ever be had than the McCarthyist communist witch-hunts of the 1950s where suspected American communists from all sectors of American society were invited to the US Congress only to be vilified and falsely accused of their participation in the Communist Party of the USA. While there was no participation of the American president then in such congressional proceedings, it is clear that he acquiesced in the entire affair led by Sen. McCarthy, notwithstanding the complicity of security agencies of the federal government which are directly under the American President. On the other hand, as perceived curtailments of civil liberties happened throughout American contemporary history, there have been campaigns and struggles from American interest groups to call for the relegation of the American presidency as simply a watchtower of other government branches as the presidency has far too awesome executive powers that can curtail not only on civil-political rights but may e ven infringe on socio-economic and property rights as well. However, the resolution of the debate has always been in favor of strengthening the American presidency as it is clearly within the interest of the state and even the mandate of the American president to ensure the welfare and protection of the American people from threats from within and without. However, in this era of global terrorism and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism the question of a strong presidency emerged once again. The debate is in the light of the recent discovery by the American public that President George W. Bush secretly authorized security forces in 2002 to gather intelligence through wiretapping of telephones and mobile phones, and eavesdropping on emails and other telecommunications services to swoop down on terrorist correspondence within the United States and abroad, without the fulfilling the statutory requisite of a warrant from a surveillance court. Moreover, the controversy erupted in the wake of the approval of the reauthorization of the US Patriot Act, a controversial law that granted very broad powers to security forces to swoop down on perceived enemies of the state, particularly suspected Islamic fundamentalists operating inside the continental United States. Nonetheless, the law is deemed by liberals and progressives as a direct attack on co nstitutional rights of the American people, especially when previously strict surveillance measures are now relaxed, notwithstanding assertions by the security community that the operations in pursuit of the US Patriot Act and the war on terror is not within the purview of the court. If this be so, this would also be tantamount to a curtailment of the judicial power and supremacy of the US Supreme Court to review all acts and omissions of the other branches and government, even if in the guise of national security. The controversy has also elicited further tensions between an American public that was already weary from the ravages of the Iraq War as many feared that even American homes and offices are no longer spared from the operations of the American government in its fight against terror. Nonetheless, the Bush administration has maintained that the president has inherent war powers which may not be expressed but implied in the Section on Executive power in the American constitut ion. Truth to tell, the secret authorization given by President Bush to spy on the American people may find legal basis in the inherent war powers afforded the president, unless the statutory provisions ordering the securing of a warrant prior to surveillance are more controlling. Assuming without conceding that the Constitution grants such residual powers to the American president, the propriety of the authorization is most questionable, as it comes at the heels of growing American discontent over the war in Iraq, especially when the basis for invading Iraq (i.e. direct link with Al-Qaida and production of weapons of mass destruction) was not convincingly and truthfully conveyed by the president to the American people. Nonetheless, the act is well within the purview of the executive’s powers despite the public outrage that ensued upon discovery of the authorization.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Scope and Domain of NASCARs Branding Strategy Case Study - 121

The Scope and Domain of NASCARs Branding Strategy - Case Study Example However, every track had to negotiate its contract with television; implying that each race anchored on a different network. This was a hindrance for NASCAR. Thus, the company established its domain by signing contracts with television channels expanding broadcasting to about 167 countries (Aurand, 431). NASCAR also reached out to other companies by establishing co-branding relationships with them to gain competitive advantage. It also established scholarships from a great deal number of companies. The company was able to leverage its sponsors by ensuring that the outcome of sponsorship benefits both the company and the sponsors (Aurand, 431-432). For instance, drivers were expected to race incredibly, be available for marketing functions and be answerable to sponsors. Its profitability in sponsorship investment attracts more sponsors, however at the expense of expertise co-branding. In fact from the 2005 report, fans seemed to appreciate the company’s relationship with corporate sponsorship which earns NASCAR more credit and hence more customers. NASCAR extends its domain by involving fans in the sport, thus fans feel the close connection with drivers enhancing the brand image of the sport. In conclusion, NASCAR needs to comprehend sustainable development for the safety of all. Its impact on the environment is grim and is likely to jeopardize both the company and the future environment.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with Essay

Examine Tran Anh Hung's Cyclo in the ways that the film deals with violence, capitalism and representations of gender - Essay Example In the small house where the boy lives, he is with his grandfather and his small sister who both works hard to ensure the family gets the basic needs. The poor peace enjoyed by the family comes under jeopardy when the boy loses the hired Cyclo culminating the change of his life and that of his sister. Through the influence of a poet who works for the Boss Lady, the owner of the Pedi-cab and the same person who stole it, the boy is introduced to crime and his young sister to prostitution. There is violence within the city and the boy is given harder tasks but he is spared from death despite failing to kill his assigned target as a result of a form of developed love that connects him to his deceased mentally retarded son. Capitalism leads to violence and gender oppression in Vietnam because of the failure of government institutions obligated with the role of running the nation. To effectively capture the themes depicted by the author, it is important to focus on a detailed analysis of two scenes presented in the film. The first scene is essential as it gives the audience a basis behind the young boy’s life as one of the main protagonists in the film. It is through his daily chores where the young boy is ferrying passengers in Saigon City where the mind of the young boy reflects on the voice of his deceased father. The voice is heard by the audience from the background advising the boy on the need to live a better life than that of his father. There is a tone of pity from the voice of the deceased father as he recalls how he left his son and daughter with nothing (0: 01- 6). Buoyed by the words of his father, Cyclo is determined to change the state of his life and that of his family. The idea is almost a reality after a short while where Cyclo with another person finds good news on the newspaper about sourcing for loans from the

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Philosophy of religion exam review questions answers Essay

Philosophy of religion exam review questions answers - Essay Example 397). What does he mean by this? William Cavanaugh wrote his essay as he is unpleasantly surprised by the fact that the government wants the religion to play the role of â€Å"peace creator†. Such approach can easily return us to the Middle Ages’ level of development as every person in democratic country should feel free in choosing his/her religious beliefs. Our ethical principles should be based first of all on justice, democracy and positive examples and religion should not direct our behavior. Actually during â€Å"the wars of religion† there were many alliances created not because of religious allegiance. The perfect example of is the alliance during the 3rd war when protestants were allied to William of Orange who needed that alliance in order to establish political control. â€Å"Wars of religion† usually served as pretexts for starting military actions to establish control in another country. The term â€Å"development of doctrine† was used by John Henry Newman, who studied how religious dogmas were developed through time. He made the conclusion that Catholic teaching was the most developed through time in comparison to other christen teachings, the dogmas of which mainly remained unchanged. The views of Plato and Freud were similar in one thing: they considered love to be the most important in our life. However, Freud considered love to be the production of physical desire, while Plato stated that physical desire is the consequence of spiritual affection. Plato was against sexual activity that is fulfilled only to satisfy physical needs. He valued spiritual love high and considered erotic attraction of a person to be the consequence of spiritual affection. According to Plato, erotic attraction does not depend on appearance or sexual appeal, it fully depends on spiritual feeling. The first principles are found when our

Friday, November 15, 2019

Procedures for Safety in Childcare

Procedures for Safety in Childcare Charlene Lawrence 1. Childcare records that all child care proved should have in place are Children record form forms that including the child name, date of birth, allergies, address of where the child lives, telephone number, parents name and address, emergency contacts at least two , child doctor name and address, any medical and religion. Another document is crb (Criminal records bureau check) this should be the first thing that employer should do for staff they employe and for them self to check that each person hasn’t got a criminal record. Children agreement form All children should have a care agreement form which is a contract signed by parents which is agreement between both provided and parents stating the hours, child’s contract details, the days the child days they be attending, the fee and final the date they intending to starting. Also parents should sign a consent form to allow the setting to take the children outside the building and also allowed to sign to take pictures of the children and put on website and on the walls within the setting. Injuries (existing) forms,  existing injuries form is in place to record any existing injuries a child has when they arrive in your care. There should also be in place an incident form this form is in place to record any incident happened in setting with a child or staff for example a child was running and fell over a bit his/her lip would be an incident or a staff member was bit by a child that will also be recorded an incident form. Another form should be places an accident form to record any accidents that happen in the building to a child of staff that these injury i.e. broken bones or swelled muscle or a swelled thumb. Fire records Fire records should be in place to test and record the following smoke detectors, emergency lights, breakpoints, fire exguisters fire blankets and also there should be a record of fire drills which should be done every six months. Medication book or folder This should be in place to administer any medication that children need. This book or folder should have the Childs name, date of birth, the time given, the date given, dozed given and the staff signature and parent signature. This also gives evidence of medication given to a child in the setting and that you have administered medication given by parents, all medication that you administer in for a child must be prescribed by a GP and labelled with their name address and date it with the medication was done. Policies and procedures There should be policies and procedures placed in the setting when looking after a child. These are in place to allow parents to know how we run or care setting for example food policy this will let parents and carers know how we operate food in the setting and what we allow and what we dont allow in the setting what standards we are governed by. Complaint forms A complaint form should be in place when a parent or carer wont to complain about member staff or the setting they should also be followed up by investigation meeting and conclusion meeting. Child journal and home book This journal should be in place is to show any work that you a child has done or any development that a child has done, each child should have a home book which letting parents know what their child is done for the day it ie drank or eaten if they have been to the toilet, how many nappy change and what time you went to sleep this should always be should be recorded in the home book and hand to parent every day when the child goes home. 2. There are different ranges of actives to do for ages 0- 5 Physical (0-12months) at baby age , babies are crawling, pulling them self up or taking their first steps Intellectual (0-12months) Babies at this age is at like to look at sensory books, books with mirrors and textures which is good for there development and also they like music and noisy book which proved stimulus for young baby intellectual development. Social Development (0-12months) Babies social development is doing thinks like copying your actions, and delighting in your positive responses to their actions. Babies of this age will also enjoy listening to music and looking in the mirror Physical (1-5 years) At this age children will be hopstcating, ride bikes, running around Intellectual (1-5 years) For Toddlers and up word they like interactive games, flash cars and puzzles. Social Development (1-5 years) For toddler and upward a great social development is role play children love to role play by dressing up or playing house this is a big social development that will show what children know and develop. 3. I provide a safe environment for children in the city the registered person is the person who takes responsibility in the health and safety of the building where your child will be staying in your setting. our police cover the following: Fire safety In our kitchen you will find a fire blanket and a fire extinguisher and in the rest of the building you will find versus fire extinguishers. In each room there is a smoke alarm which is test every year my fire professions and test weekly by us. At each fire exit you will find a break glass and each member of staff will know the escape route. Security We have public liability insurance for this setting. Indoor and outdoor door and outdoor play area secured and children are supervised at all times. Parent who pick up children must provide a password to those who are coming to collect their child. Animals We will have animals in our setting but will check allergy and do risk assessment before providing. Kitchen and house Our kitchen has safety equipment in place insuring safety and no hazards to children. All around the house is safety equipment in place to protect your child in our care form hazards ie radiator cover , plug sockets. Food handing All staff are full trained in food hyegiene, and we make sure food is serviced , prepared and cooked at the right tempter and hygiene is 100 percent clean. Medicine We will only administer medication when parents want us to and also we only administer medication which is prescribed by GP. Medication is stored in the original containers , clearly labeled with the child full name. All Medication that we administer have to be recorded and staff and parent to sign . Hygiene We teach children about personal hygiene, washing there hands before and after meal times and after using to toilet, also each child will have their own bed sheets with their name on it and will not share the same sheet when sleeping in the cot or bed. We Provided good hygiene to prevent infection and our setting is clean every day and throughout the day. sick children Children who are vomiting or diarrhoea will not be able to attend until 48hours later any infectious will be discussed with parents. Outting and Transport We provide our own transport with insurance valid driver, mot and service, we also proved safety rod to support children to walk safely while out. In our registration pack you will find parental permission request to allow us to take the children out and on day trips. First Aid We have at least two first aid boxes/cupboards , which are checked weekly, when doing check we will also check stock expiry date as well a stock Qty. We have records in place to Record incidents, accidents for staff and children We also requested parental permission to deal with their child in emergency which is located in our registration pack. Smoking Our policy state no smoking in and out of premies, if you need to smoke then you should smoke away from the setting premies. 4. When planning a trip out of children that is planning to do before taking the children out at the premises Ie cost, risk assessment permissions etc The first thing to do is to plan where you are going to take the children then you should find out is it cost affected will parents be able to afford this trip you also need to know how many children will be going on the trip roughly how many staff you would need to support the children ratio while out on a day trip. Then you need to sort out transport, like if youre going by car is the car insured do you have built other enough seats to take the children is their car seat and boosters available, if youre travelling by bus whats the cast how many buses were you need to take how long would it take to get there And if youre taking A coach how much would it cost is there enough seats and is there children seatbelt car seats and boosters Available. Once you have done all these before you notify parent of the trip in a newsletter of verbal by mouth you should do the following two  a risk assessment and permission by parents, You need to assess what is the risk is, there any risk and how you can going to control the risk, is it safe to go on this trip with the children. And then you inform the parents of the trip and get parents permission and payment to go.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Introduction to Strategic Management Essay

The threats facing health care organizations vary in scope and nature (Authenticity Consulting, 2007). It is therefore a critical requirement that healthcare organizations adopt strategic plans that are capable of helping guard against such threats. To be able to do this, however, every individual organization has to identify the threats that face it and move to find ways of mitigating or managing the risks associated with the threats. This paper discusses four types of threats facing the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). These are environmental, economic, governmental, and demographic threats. Discussion  NAMI is specifically involved in the fight against mental illness through different methods. In this endeavor, the organization is faced with the following threats: Environmental Threats As an organization that deals with mental issues, the main environmental threat has been the rise in the number of people who are committing suicide because of their mental condition. This has been especially noted among teenagers (NAMI, 2010). For different reasons, it has been a threat to the continued successful operation of the organization which seeks to reduce the problems associated with mental illnesses, including death. According to the organization, teenage deaths have been on the rise, threatening to reverse the gains so far made. For instance, suicide committed by teenagers and adults with mental illnesses of different kinds accounted for more deaths in the country compared to the combined causes from cancer, stroke, pneumonia, birth defects, heart disease, Aids, and lung diseases (NAMI, 2010). This is a pointer that unless appropriate measures are taken to halt and reverse this trend, then the organization risks failing to achieve its objectives. An associated threat is that the cause of the high number of suicide among people with mental illness has not really been underpinned. This has made it even more difficult for intervention to be done effectively (NAMI, 2010). Economic Threats In its endeavor to fight against mental illness, NAMI usually employs the use of increased awareness through training and education on mental illness (NAMI, 2010). Do be able to do this the organization needs a lot of money. As a nonprofit, NAMI relies on the goodwill of sponsors such as charitable organizations and other well-wishers. In the recent times, however, this support has been waning, posing the threat of drying up. This threat has been more real during the global economic crisis than at any other time before because the ability of people to spend money has been greatly reduced due to economic hardships all over the world (Comerford, 2007). With a declining economic outlook, the organization is faced with the threat of having to reduce its advocacy campaigns and narrow down on the implementation of only those programs that are deemed very critical. Yet every program of NAMI is equally important. This lack of financial support threatens to curtail all the organization’s activities unless it is checked now. Demographic Threats NAMI deals with people from different backgrounds each of which has its own unique challenges (NAMI, 2010). Owing to different cultural practices and beliefs, different people with mental illness are treated differently by the society, a move that affects their chances of leading fulfilling lives. Stigma, for instance, is more rampant in certain communities than others. The threat of increased stigma against people with mental illness has been there for a long time now. This is in spite of efforts by NAMI to demystify some of the myths associated with mental illness (NAMI, 2010). Over time, stigma is likely to become a leading cause of death among people with mental illness. Another demographic threat is rampant rise in the population of the world which is making the resources available to people with mental illness to be reduced. Finally, the other threat is the high turnover of experts in the mental health care field (NAMI, 2010). Fewer professionals than are required have remained in the field to take care of the ever-increasing cases of mental illness. This has been exacerbated by the many professionals who continue leaving the field for different reasons (Begun, Kaissi & Sweetland, 2005). Government Threats Government policy has impacted NAMI in many ways. However, the greatest threat posed by government is its failure to pass policies that assist the mentally ill to get better health care services (Swayne, 2006). For instance, there has never been appropriate funding for mental health institutions especially those that are not-for-profit. This is in spite of the commendable work they do in ensuring that there is appropriate healthcare for the mentally ill. That aside, the government has always been coming up with new legislation regarding the health care sector from time to time without really caring what impacts such legislation has on the operations of organizations like NAMI (Begun, Kaissi & Sweetland, 2005). Then there is no appropriate health care insurance for people with mental illness because they hardly ever get to be among the main groups that are insured by the government or by their employers. As most people with mental illness never engage in gainful activities, they are faced with the threat of being ignored in major government plans. NAMI is also threatened by policy changes that might require it to meet certain minimum requirements to be eligible for funding (NAMI, 2010). Conclusion Given these threats facing NAMI, there is a need for appropriate strategies to manage them. As with all other threats, these particular ones are outside the control of NAMI and call for proper strategic planning to address them. Risk mitigation and change management are some of the approaches that can help deal with the threats and minimize their impacts should they actually come to happen.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Internal Control System

The two primary goals of an internal control system are to safeguard assets and manage resources. This action by the organization, reasonably ensure that their specific goals and objectives will be met within compliance. This system consist of policies, measures and procedures designed to assist management with protecting the organization against waste, preventing and detecting fraud, inconsistencies, inadequacy, ineffectiveness, reliable and accurate accounting, evaluating performance and protecting both its tangible and intangible resources. It helps to minimize risks and they are an integral part of an organization’s financial and business policies. Internal controls are simply just good business practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted on July 30, 2002. The bill was introduced and passed as a result of the then recent corporate accounting scandals by companies such as Enron, Tyco and Worldcomm, just to name a few. These very public scandals rocked the nation; since, they cost investors billions of dollars and challenged the faith that people once had in the America’s stock markets. This new Act helped to rebuild faith in a once loosely regulated system and repair some of the damage done by such greed and deceit. Some argue that the bill has reduced America's international competitive edge against overseas financial service providers (Wikipedia); but the bill was put in place to protect investors, shareholders and the general public alike by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities laws (SOX-online. com). The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, is the agency created to oversee the accounting firms that act as auditors for corporate companies. The consequences for non-compliance are fines, imprisonment, or both. If a company announces deficiencies in its internal controls, the stock of that organization would most likely fall due to the public knowledge and experience with this type of thing before the Sarbanes- Oxley bill was introduced. Investors’ assurance in the safety of their stock will be negatively impacted. The negative impact can cause panic by investors, resulting in the selling of that investors’ share of stock. But if the company has a strong positive reputation and releases this information voluntarily then the company may save face and retain some of their shareholders trust and some shareholders may remain loyal by staying positive. One limitation of the internal control system is employing a staff large enough to accommodate the many segregated duties of one that is well organized and thought out. The mishandling of finances, under-protection of assets, human error, human deceit, illegal dealings, erroneous information, the size of the business, staff carelessness, poor judgment or lack of knowledge, collusion by staff, overrides by management for personal gain or other motives and controls failing to capture or flag odd transactions, are all limitations in an organization’s control system (Financial Accountability Handbook, Jan. 2010). Controls that are applicable for larger companies, are not applicable in small businesses. For example, a fewer number people perform the accounting practices in small companies since they do not have the resources or the staff to accommodate segregated duties. These persons may have dual responsibility of operation and custody. The isolation of duties may be missing or severely limited. Below is a more detail description of some of these limitations. 1. Judgment: The effectiveness of controls will be limited by decisions made with human judgment under pressure to conduct business based on certain information or a lack there of. . Breakdowns: Even well designed internal controls can break down. Employees sometimes misunderstand instructions or simply make mistakes. Errors may also result from new technology and the complexity of computerized information systems. 3. Management Override: High level personnel may override prescribed policies and procedures for personal gain or advantage; thus, should not be confused with management intervention, which justifies management act ions to depart from prescribed policies and procedures for legitimate purposes. Collusion: Control systems can be circumvented by employee collusion. Individuals acting collectively can alter financial data or other management information in a manner that cannot be identified by control systems. The internal control system is designed differently within every company depending on its own needs. This allows an organization to put in place ethnical methods and procedures that best suit its practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act being implemented reassures stockholders and the public that they can possibly, safely invest again with a less likelihood that similar future occurrences of corporate scandals will occur. There is no sure way to have a air-tight internal control system but if a company stays vigilant about staying within compliance, tying up loophole when discovered and prosecuting when necessary; the problem of mishandled finances may slowly become a thing of the past. Internal Control Principles: . The first internal control principal is an applied establishment of responsibility by one individual. 2. The next principal is the segregation of duties where different individuals have a specific duty. 3. The following principle is the physical, mechanical, and electronic controls. This is where there are individuals, machines and computers working together. 4. The last internal control principal is independent internal verification that employs different departments to specific responsibilities.

Friday, November 8, 2019

buy custom Mcdonalds and Obesity essay

buy custom Mcdonald's and Obesity essay Summary This paper is a study of health consequences in children who over-consumes McDonalds and other products of fast-food restaurants. The study evaluates how fast-food advertisement, supply, and sale in areas with proximity to children, such as schools and play fields, increase the rates of childhood obesity. For example, it has been established that whenever a fast-food restaurant is about 100 meters from a school compound, rate of increase in childhood obesity is about 5.2 percent (Philipson Richard, 2008). However, if the fast-food restaurant is beyond 500 meters from the school compound or children playing fields, its effects on the rate of obesity in children are insignificant. Moreover, the future site of a fast-food restaurant does not in any way affect the current rate of obesity in children. The effect is noticed whenever the restaurant is operational, and there is unregulated sale of its products to children who are unaccompanied by a parent or guardian. These findings lead to the implication that if legislations restricting the establishment of fast-food restaurants near schools and play grounds are enacted, they could aid in reducing the rate of childhood obesity (Philipson Richard, 2008). The reduction would be higher if parents and guardians are keen to monitor the eating habits of their children while at home to ensure they reduce consumption of snacks rich in calories. I have carefully examined materials on the subject to enable to enable me build an argument that is easily understood. This paper uses basic and clear statements in discussing causes, effects, remedies, and future works in this area of research. Introduction Cases of childhood obesity have been widespread in North America since 1970s. During this time, fast-food industries have increased to more than double while other traditional restaurants experience a much slower growth rate. Several contributors in conferences and seminars appreciate that the unrestrained availability of Macdonald and other fast food products has largely increased rates of obesity. Policy makers in various jurisdictions have in turn restricted the availability of these high-calorie foods or required companies to post the caloric capacity that they have (Rosenheck, 2008). However, much of the evidence that link obesity and fast food is based on correlation studies, which have been conducted using limited data sets. This paper attempts to establish the causal effect that increase in fast-food supply has on childhood obesity rates. It bases the argument on the data analyzed over several years regarding the obesity rate for children and adolescent in California. The met hod used in this paper allows for an accurate recognition of the effects of McDonalds on obesity. Method Several statistics in America shows that childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels. The number of overweight children has tripled to about 15 percent over a period of 30 years. There are various reasons that are thought to have caused this rise. Among these causes, two are prominent: bad eating habits and inadequate exercising. Overconsumption of fast foods like McDonalds, coupled with insufficient physical exercise has been singled out as the major contributor to childhood obesity. Latest statistics on childhood obesity have attracted a lot of attention. Researchers have indicated that between 15 and 35 percent of people below the age of 15 has obesity (Rosenheck, 2008). Childhood obesity in California has been recognized a signficant health risk. This is after the rate of its prevalent among the young has doubled since 1980. During the same period, triple the numbers of obesity cases are being reported as compared to 1980. According to a National Health and Nutrition Examinatio n Survey (NHANES) survey that was conducted in California from 1999 to 2002, 16 percent of those below the age 19 years were found to be overweight (Schlosser Eric, 2002). The 3 in 4 respondents during the study indicated that they considered McDonalds as a primary source of food while away from home. According to the data collected by United States Department of Agriculture and NHANES, McDonalds feeds over 45 million people in America, about half of whom are children. The data indicate that while Americans spent about $ 3billion on fast foods annually in 1972, the figure had by 2010 risen to $110. Studies in California have indicated that a child sees about 6,000 McDonalds television advertisements per year. The studies also indicted that while 40 percent of American food is taken away from home, McDonalds represents 45 percent of these. Due to the numerous numbers of restaurants and advertising items, 7 in 10 children can recognize McDonalds products (Schlosser Eric, 2002). Research conducted in schools by the NHANES indicated that obese children are bullied and teased. This make them develop low esteem, and in effect, they avoid normal activities l ike sports. Such a scenario aggravates their condition. Discussion Obesity is a condition where the body accumulates excess fat. Medical practitioners make use of guidelines that have been published based on body mass index (BMI) for age in measuring obesity in children. Alternatively, a child is considered to be obese if its weight is more that 20 percent higher than the average of children of that age. Obesity has been noted to have adverse medical effects on children lives as it increases the risk of other health problems while heightening social and emotional problems. Chances are that obesity will persist till adulthood, and this may lead to more serious ailments such as stroke and heart diseases. It has been established that many children become obese as a result of poor parenting and ineffective health choices. There are various factors that lead to the intake of foods high in calorie content. These factors are socioeconomic as well as psychological. Psychological factors contribute when a child is dealing with boredom or stress as it is during these times when they tend to eat a lot. When undirected, they choose starchy and sugary food which heightens the chances of becoming diabetic. Socioeconomic factors are those that result due to inadequate income in a family. The family may then have inadequate resources and time to make good choices with regard to exercising and eating. Sometimes, such families opt for fast foods such as McDonalds in order to save time for part time jobs. These are some of the factors that have lead to increase in popularity of fast foods in recent years. Fast foods appeal to many hurried persons due to their speed of meal preparation. They offer fas ter services and tastier meals as compared to the traditional restaurants (Rosenheck, 2008). Their meals are at times cheaper than those of other restaurants thereby attracting low-income customers. There are various methods that help a parent keep their children in healthy weight range. When a parent delays solid food feeding at infancy, obesity is easilyy checked. Children should be given healthy food that is low in fat. Moreover, a child television viewing habit should be minimized as more physical exercise proves healthier. When they get older, they should be taught how to select nutritious foods and develop healthy exercising habits. There should be more concerted efforts among all stakeholders to counter increased level of advertising by fast-food stores. Competition in the media industry has lead to more advertising for less money. Therefore, media influence plays a great role in increasing the rate of obesity. Most researchers agree that family lifestyle is the major determinant of a childs weight (Janet et al, 2009). They argue that involvement of everyone during meal preparation is important in avoiding high-calorie foods. For example, a family should avoid the storage of junk foods as they appeal to children. They should also avoid rewarding children with food, especially fast foods and sugary drinks. Summary There are continuing works of research meant to analyze how parents may help their children reduce weight and avoid obesity. Most of these studies focus on child nutrition as well as their growth detailing how parents influence childrens behavior with regard to exercises and eating habits. There are evidences on the way parents assist their kids to develop and preserve healthy eating habits and physical activities. This means that they play a vital role in preventing over consumption of high-calorie foods such as McDonalds which lead to obesity and overweight. According to these studies, it is important for parents to understand and appreciate their roles in guiding their children as they undergo critical development stages from infancy to young adulthood (Davis et al 2009, p. 3). Junk and sugary fast foods and drinks need to be discouraged so that a child easily manages the levels of fat in his/her body. Policy makers, practitioners, and researchers should step in and assist parents in raising their children in a healthy manner. They should develop and publish more effective ways of intervention and organize educational programs aimed at addressing childhood obesity at home. Policy makers in particular should enact legislation managing advertisement of fast foods like McDonalds such that the information disseminated is not erroneous or misleading. Fast foods should also be required to clearly display their calorie content in a manner that enables informed decision making by the buyer (Cutler et al 2003, p. 95). There need to be enhanced school based obesity prevention programs such as campaigns aimed at restricting the sale of fast food to unaccompanied kids of school going ages. There is heightened awareness of obesity as a national problem in America as a result of news media upgrading obesity related content in their publications. Federal and state authorities have passed legislations meant to help in the fight against childhood obesity such as restricting the targeted advertisement of unhealthy meals to children. These jurisdictions have also improved sporting facilities to encourage physical practice as children grow up (Abdollah, 2007). Schools have incorporated schedules for dairy sporting events in their programs as well as initiated sessions that guide students on healthy eating habits. The results have not been immediate, but more benefits can be realized if all parties involved work aggressively towards elevating obesity in children. Buy custom Mcdonald's and Obesity essay

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

How to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

How to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit Temperature conversions are common, but you cant always look at a thermometer that lists degrees in both Celsius and Fahrenheit. However, all you need to convert between the two is a simple formula. Conversion Formula The formula for converting a measurement in Celsius to Fahrenheit is: F 1.8  C   32 where F is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and C is the temperature in degrees Celsius. The formula may also be written as: F 9/5  C   32 It is easy to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit  by following  these two steps: Multiply your Celsius measurement by 1.8.Add 32 to the result. The final answer will be the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. Note: If you are doing temperature conversions for a homework problem, take care to report the converted value using the same number of significant digits as the original number. Example Imagine, for example, that while traveling in Europe you come down with an illness. You only have access to a thermometer with Celsius measurements, which tells you that your body temperature is  37 degrees. You want to convert this measurement to  Fahrenheit. To do this, plug the  temperature measurement into the equation: F 1.8 C 32F (1.8)(37) 32F 66.6 32F 98.6 The original value,  37 degrees Celsius, has two  significant digits, so the Fahrenheit temperature should be reported as  99 degrees Fahrenheit.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Are children with Attention Deficit Disorder being overmedicated Research Paper

Are children with Attention Deficit Disorder being overmedicated - Research Paper Example However, due increased research and concerns, treatment providers have embraced the use of behavioral interventions for treatment. This paper will examine the patterns of medication of children with this disorder to establish whether there is overmedication. It will first provide a general introduction of the disorder, explaining its prevalence, and history. It will also discuss the standard diagnosis criteria for the disorder as well as its effects and treatment options. Introduction Attention Deficit disorder (ADD) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome linked with major functional impairment, including patient and family distress, comorbid psychiatric and developmental conditions, and poor academic outcomes. The prevalence of ADD according to population-based studies estimate is about 4%. The diagnosis and identification of Attention- deficit disorder in children is usually during their early elementary school years making it one of the most frequent behavioral or psychological disorders of childhood (Rappley et al, 1999). Bedard et al (2003) asserts that Attention deficit disorder is among the most widespread developmental psychiatric disorders detected in childhood. One of the recent theory claims that the crucial impairment in this disorder is a deficit concerning response inhibition. He explains, â€Å"Response inhibition is part of the multidimensional construct of inhibition and is a self-generated, higher-order executive function that refers to the ability to stop a planned course of action.† According to prevalence studies carried out, boys are 2 times more prevalent to ADD than girls are. In addition, these studies have also reported on a positive link between ADD and academic problem. However, across studies there was a great variation on the degree of co morbidity ranging from 10% to 90%. Although research have not confirmed, there is an assumed link of ADD prevalence and the children’s background being more prevalent among children from min ority and low-income populations (LeFever et al, 1999). It is in the late 1960s in the United States that the construction of ADD occurred with the acceptance that a variety of behavioral characteristics defined the medical disorder without a specific requirement to ascertain evidence of neurological or biological dysfunction. The rapid increase in the use of the diagnosis and treatment with medication globally occurred in the 1990s. In the United States and Australia, there is a significant increase in diagnosis although there has been an evident increase in other countries worldwide (Kean, 2004). Effects of the disorder and diagnosis Among the signs experienced by quite a numbers of children with ADD during the adolescent years

Friday, November 1, 2019

Effects of Emissions from Unburned Hydrocarbons under Cold Start Term Paper

Effects of Emissions from Unburned Hydrocarbons under Cold Start - Term Paper Example The present research seeks to critically investigate the potential effects of emissions from unburned hydrocarbons under cold start. Emissions from unburned hydrocarbons under cold start are a serious problem in many diesel and gasoline automotive engines that is generally characterized by generation excessive extra emissions of pollutants. The problem particularly occurs in the initial few minutes of starting an engine when it still cold and has not achieved its optimal operating temperature, thereby resulting in inefficient and incomplete combustion. A cold start is common, as weather conditions in most climates will naturally be at a lower temperature than the typical operating temperatures of an engine. Additionally, extra emissions related to cold start may also occur when one ignites the engine of an abandoned or inactive vehicle for a significant amount of time (Raja and Arasu, 2014). While a number of previous studies have focused on the phenomenon of the extra emissions related to the conditions of cold start, little is known about the, magnitude of its potential effects. In the event of cold start, the engine compression is higher as the lack of heat makes ignition more difficult. Secondly the low temperatures cause engine oil to become more viscous, making it difficult to circulate. Similarly, the air becomes denser and affects the air-fuel ratio, which in turn affects the flammability of the mixture.